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Art Materials Glossary

Plain-English glossary of art materials terms for beginners, students and artists.

How to use this glossary

Use these plain-English definitions as a starting point. Some terms can have specific meanings in contracts, course rules or prize terms, so check official documents when it matters.

Artist-grade

Materials made with higher pigment load, better binders or more reliable performance than student-grade equivalents.

Student-grade

More affordable materials designed for learning, practice and classroom use.

Archival

A term used for materials intended to last longer under appropriate conditions. Always check manufacturer detail.

Gesso

A primer used to prepare canvas, panels or other surfaces for painting.

Pigment load

The amount and quality of pigment in paint, affecting colour strength and coverage.

Medium

A substance added to paint to change flow, drying time, transparency, texture or finish.

Tooth

The surface texture of paper, canvas or board that grips drawing or painting media.

Acid-free

Paper or board made to reduce acid-related deterioration over time.

Cold-pressed paper

Watercolour paper with a textured surface.

Hot-pressed paper

Smooth watercolour paper often used for detail and fine lines.

Fixative

Spray used to reduce smudging in charcoal, pastel or pencil work.

Varnish

A protective or finishing layer used on some paintings after appropriate drying or curing.

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